Great questions!
First of all, in regard to Clinical Case Study #6, Case 6 question 22… I agree with you! This symptom points to deficiency. I shall look into that.
In my opinion, case 16 and 17 are similar in a way because there is some kind of “emergency.”
In case 16, what we have here is an external pathogenic influence. We know that it’s important to treat this so that it doesn’t enter the interior, so regardless of what else is paired with it in the answers, this is the one that stands out right away.
The same goes for case 17. This recent vomiting is pretty important because the patient can’t keep any food or medication down so it takes precedence.
EPI’s, bleeding, vomiting, etc., would be considered somewhat of an emergency in TCM-land so we should be on the lookout to tip us off.
Hoping this helps,
Kenton